Essay Samples in French - Learning French Online

Essay Samples in French - Learning French OnlineLooking for essays in French is easier than ever now. There are many English-speaking websites, with a great number of online writing workshops, which now provide online essay samples in French, in order to help you learn the language and learn how to write well. You can find them on websites such as tutorsplus.com and tutorsplus.org, but there are also plenty of other places, both on and offline, which offers essays in French.Most of these are either from the virtual world or take the form of tutorials in English. If you want to write an essay in French but have little experience in English writing, you will probably be best advised to use one of these online options, as they are easy to use and often come with sample texts which allow you to practise before trying out your own essays.These websites allow you to translate the text as well as outline and chapter outlines from English into French. This can help you develop a skill which allows you to turn basic English sentences into creative and original ideas, which you can then put into the French words.The first stage in learning French is learning how to read it, so you might be interested in taking an online course in English. These will often include a whole range of exercises which test you in reading and speaking, in addition to French.However, you should try out your essays in French first. This will help you understand what you are trying to say, as well as being able to translate difficult words and phrases into English. It is certainly worth getting hold of some practice essays in French, even if you are only trying to brush up your skills.You can find essay samples in French on all sorts of subjects. You can get help with grammar, for example, from tutors on tutorsplus.com or tutorsplus.org. You will need to understand and be able to write about the many different cultures and beliefs in the world, however, and this is often the biggest challenge, as most of us do not speak their languages.This is why, when you are looking for essay samples in French, you will often find that they come in the form of short stories, which you can read and then re-read to get a feel for the language. You can also get essay samples in French as a podcast, with each audio lesson taking the form of an audio file, which you can listen to on your MP3 player, or even on your laptop!

Catcher in the Rye Essay The Importance of Language

The Importance of Language in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye has captured the spirit of adolescence, dramatizing Holden Caulfields vulgar language and melodramatic reactions. Written as the autobiographical account of a fictional teenage prep school student named Holden Caulfield, The Catcher in the Rye deals with material that is socially scandalous for the time (Gwynn, 1958). As an emotional, intelligent, and sensitive young man, Holden puts his inner world to the test through the sexual mores of his peers and elders, the teachings of his education, and his own emerging sense of self. Throughout the years, the language of the story has startled readers. Salingers control of Holdens easy,†¦show more content†¦Another colloquialism can be seen in the last two examples. Holden has a habit of ending his descriptions with tag phrases such as and all or or anything. (Salzman, 1991). Not only does Holden speak like this in the beginning of the novel, but throughout the book, making this pattern a part of his character. One could imagine Holden frequently ending his sentences with and all, and realize it is a character trait of his, since not all teenagers used that phrase. Therefore, the and all tag to Holdens speech served to make his speech authentic and individual. (Salzman, 1991). Salinger intentionally used such speech patterns to individualize Holden but also to make him a believable teenager of the early 1950s. Another example of how Holdens speech helped define his character is his constant need to confirm his own affirmations, as if even he did not quite believe himself. These confirmations include phrases such as ...if you want to know the truth, or ...it really does. Holden repeats the first phrase several times throughout the novel: I have no wind, if you want to know the truth, Im pacifist, if you want to know the truth, and a variation: She had a lot of sex appeal, too, if you really want to know. In each of the above instances, Holden makes a statement and then feels compelled to clarify that is he is not making itShow MoreRelated Importance of Language in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye, like many other great works, was met by scornful criticism and unyielding admiration. However, many literary critics also marveled at Salingers use of language, which was used to make Holden Caulfield, the main character, extremely realistic. Such language includes both repetition of phrases and blatant cursing, in order to capture the informal speech of the average, northeastern American adolescent. Through Holdens thoughts and dialogues, Salinger successfully createdRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Catcher In The Rye1013 Words   |  5 Pagesfor your question. My research question is: To what extent does J.D Salinger’s novel Catcher in the Rye explore the range of female potentiality in society through Holden’s interactions, thoughts and comments regarding women. This question is still in progress as I am not sure it can successfully reach and essay of 4000 words. Nevertheless, this is the topic I want to base myself around. Catcher in the Rye is a novel that every sophomore had to read as part of their curriculum. This novel wasRead MoreCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12 Read MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesAP ENGLISH LIT AND COMP FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or anotherRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages(1929)[29] Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell (1936) Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1936) Native Son by Richard Wright (1940) A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith (1943) The Green Years by A. J. Cronin (1944) The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger (1951)[30] The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In the Castle of My Skin, by George Lamming (1953)[31] Goodbye, Columbus, by PhilipRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pagesdiscover the underlying assumptions contained in texts deconstruct the representation of belonging - people, relationships, ideas as well as the places, events and societies, by different composers through their use of language modes, forms, and their relevant structural forms and language features engage personally with their texts and draw on their own experience make connections to their perceptions of the world and the worlds represented in the texts. Waverley Library database Log on to the databaseRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages35 The Victorians: The Golden Age 36 Twentieth Century: Widening Worlds 38 9. Bibliography 38 1. Introduction In 1817 Robert Bloomfield, author of The History of Little Davy’s New Hat, wrote: ‘The longer I live †¦ the more I am convinced of the importance of children’s books.’ That similar statements are still being made two hundred years later shows us how much children’s books have always had to prove in England. And it has been harder still for children’s fantasy, since it supposedly goes against

Paid Time off (PTO) Policies

Question: Identify which system would be assigned for new employees, Make a recommendation for one common PTO system. Explain your system and why you think this system is the best system for the company? Answer: Introduction There are so many problems which exist in this world and from all of them most significant issues that we are facing is paid time off policies that is the banks PTO issues. As we know that there are different kinds of PTO banks where problematic situation occurs which mainly occurs just because of the list of holidays that an employee gets from their daily job schedule. The real work is to ensure that the workers at all types of wages that have the certain system of admission in paid time off policies will suit the most to all the workers. Principles for Addressing Workplace Conflict: A rising trend in designing different kinds of policies and from all of them there is a proposal of one Paid Time off (POT) Strategy somewhat like a group of numerous detailed authorization policies. There are different types of innovative solution that I would like to highly recommend to everyone for addressing Workplace Conflict. No necessity to regulate that why all those leave of absence is essential. If a member wants to take a leave for a journey or a doctor promotion that are enclosed by the similar kind of strategy and are exhausted from the similar kinds of absenteeism (Mondy, Noe Gowan, 2005). Generate a better sensation of justice. This policy is very operative as, if all workers accepts similar amount of days as a holiday then all the issues will be solved. Diminish the quantity of Sickening. Whenever someone has all those distinct disgusting day strategy, effective staffs may feel that those disgusting days are much payable to them and generate a best solution to custom all of them (Mondy, Noe Gowan, 2005). Matters that has been come across in order to combine the PTO system towards an outdated leave structure: To amalgamate two different companies means that all the different departments of that particular company also have to merge. From past few days I decided to work on the merger and removed all the outdated system that exits in both the companies (Leviticus, 1980). All the issue relating to the matter of amalgamating will be resolved after payment of all the debt, and all other different criteria that are used to compute these benefits, and also the period of time occupied to apply these offs, the wage rate fluctuate from the one which was present, and the complete profits which is accumulated only after the service ends and both the companies will get merged (Leviticus, 1980). Difficulties that can be seen with departure of the two organizations in their residence and the brief explanation of their organization for which one must consider as the best system of their company. When to pay benefits. On leaving the two companies aside the system is also quite change and their altered PTO strategies that when to pay all those assistances. As a human supply manager I had looked on so many contests that will be helpful to all gatherings. Workers from company A are specified 30 days of paid time for each year which accumulates 2.5 days in a month but in case if I would consider company B then it has more outdated leave organization in which workers were given 12 days of holiday, 10 days of sick leave of absence, and 10 more days for breaks. The company is being close on that day off when holiday is accrued in an era per month (Baker, 2010). Principles to compute welfares. Workers from the many different companies are forced to test the accepted union criteria for control of their welfares. However all these powers prove trial to me and I called someone from their demonstrative and explained to them about the accepted ones and why it is accepted (Baker, 2010). Pay rate adjustment Issue. The pay rate adjustment is one of the most significant issues that should be considered for their different types of critical issues. Most employees have paid more than their working condition according to their effectiveness and efficiency (Cartwright Holmes, 2006). Recommendation of one common PTO system and Explanation of a system which will be best for the company: PTObanksystem is one of the most famous PTO systems. Switch from a different custom permission platform to a paid time off organization that has numerous benefits for their employers and employees. A PTO system, which is considered bank of day from which different workers can pull for holiday, sickening consent and several personal days off from their day to day work (Baker, 2010). These are following reasons for which a PTO bank system is considered to be one of the best systems of the company: By a PTO, an organization can significantly decrease the spontaneous nonappearance. In search of workers, a modest benefit affecting from outdated leave program to PTO systems has many rewards, counting, reducing (Bragg, 2013). The PTO organization is an effort for different corporations to protect currency and also to offer supervises some elasticity with their vacation period and practice. Merger and Acquisition Union: A union is a mixture of two or more corporations where one corporation is totally fascinated by another corporation. In other words, union is the association of person which are formed in an organization to promote social welfare and employees benefits. Acquisition: Acquisition basically means to obtain or take over. Here a bigger corporation will take over the shares and assets of the smaller corporation and pay off all the liabilities of the subsiding companies. The other name of acquisition is the amalgamation in the nature of purchase where one organization takeovers another organization (Tong, 2004). Different types of Union A horizontal union: This kind of union exists between two firms who compete in the same business section. A perpendicular union: Perpendicular union is a kind in which two or more companies are in the same industry but in different fields combine together in business (Melka Shabi, 2012). Corporation Unions: Company union is a kind of venture in which two more corporations belonging to different industrial sectors which syndicate their all the operation (Seo Hill, 2005). Different types of acquisitions Approachable acquisition: Both the firms approve of the acquisition below certain terms with the consent of both the parties. Contrary acquisition: A private company takes over a public company in the nature of merger. Aggressive acquisition: Now as the name recommends, the entire process is done by the government forcefully (Melka Shabi, 2012). Objective placement Growth worker appointment and the lowermost streak Operational execution: According to the corporation A which has been cultured by corporation B. Corporation A was originated in 1956 in Mobile, Alabama and corporation B which was originated in 1997 in San Francisco, California. The main objective for both the companies is to achieve the organizational goal settings for a faster implementation of corporation policy. Deprived of good alignment to strategy, every bit of forward motion is a struggle. Using appropriate arrangement to connect prospects, documents progress, and identify employee fortes and faintness allows management act and make strategic decision (Bharadwaj, 2010). Worker appointment: Due to strong relation among a fruitful organization and most active aim scenery procedure and one of the owners of that particular method. Intentionally, all those trusted organizations have shallower planned vision awareness into their workers and use them too proactively and place the correct workforce place too efficiently, reply to urgent marketplace residence. Different objectives of talent acquisition Support aims: Staffs and owners can support persons aims with organization business purposes they can relate their individual goals. (Kompaso Sridevi, 2010). Classify topmost capacity: Associate and degree staffs across the same magnitudes to classify high performers and feasible future leaders to promote the organization towards the specific goal. Standardize presentation:Spontaneous, graphic member of staff evaluations ensure objective and fact-based calculation choices is one the significant objectives for the organization. Conclusion As we know that Paid leave off is welfare for important workers who has a good performance level of working in the company. The welfares of this types are very much needed in order to hire different kinds of workers or employees. Still there are so many exclusive and time irresistible to an administrator who doesnt takes there responsibility towards their work. Human resource is professional and is frequently called to mature a plan that delivers the correct mixture of welfares and also to safeguard that is united with their own business plans, meets the staffs needs and value operations. A good planned paid leave package has computable effect on different staffs efficiency and gratification while meeting the goals of different types of companies. References Baker, D. (2010). The Everything HR Kit. Amacom Books. Bharadwaj, N. (2010). BPEL PM and OSB operational management with Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub. Bragg, S. (2013). Accounting best practices. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Cartwright, S., Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism.Human Resource Management Review,16(2), 199-208. Kompaso, S. M., Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance.International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), p89. Leviticus, L. (1980). An electronic continuous mass fuel measuring system for PTO engine tests. St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Melka, L. and Shabi, A. (2012). Merger Arbitrage. New York: Wiley. Mondy, R., Noe, R. and Gowan, M. (2005). Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Seo, M. G., Hill, N. S. (2005). Understanding the human side of merger and acquisition an integrative framework.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,41(4), 422-443. Taylor, J. and Stern, G. (2009). The trouble with HR. New York: AMA/American Management Association.

Immediate environment Essay Essay Example

Immediate environment Essay Essay The human status nowadayss us with ineluctable troubles which. in bend. necessitate us to do personal picks. The capacity to do a pick and its corresponding duties render brooding thought as constitutive of what it means to be a human being and what it means to be a Self. It is in this witting activity of doing a pick that the will makes itself manifest. In a sense. a pick is an look of one’s will. of one’s subjectiveness. For Kierkegaard ( 1999 ) . this subjectiveness constitutes the singularity of the individual’s being. Kierkegaard provides us with an thought of how to near the job of being. that is. by concentrating our attending to the concrete person who makes personal picks and acts out on these picks. He breaks off from the ancient Greeks’ utmost accent on reason and objectiveness and its general jobs. This is apparent in his critical assessment of the Grecian calamity. He claims. â€Å"The ground is of class to be found in the fact that in the ancient universe subjectiveness was non to the full witting and reflective† ( Kierkegaard. 1992. p. 142 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Immediate environment Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Immediate environment Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Immediate environment Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He goes on to add. â€Å"Even though the single moved freely. he still depended on significant classs. on province. household. and destiny† ( Kierkegaard. 1992. p. 142 ) . This is another manner of saying that even if the ego can see the province of freedom and in fact realize this freedom by portraying its capacity to execute independent Acts of the Apostless. the ego continues to be affected by the factors in its immediate environment. Kierkegaard’s amplification sheds light on the importance of reliable pick in footings of bring forthing our construct of selfhood. In the instance of the tragic hero. the fatalistic mentality of the ancient Greeks can convey serious uncertainties on the inquiry sing the genuineness of the tragic hero’s picks. Given that the person can non truly disassociate himself off from significant classs. how can we set up that it is the person who defines himself and non the other manner around? Choice is an built-in facet of Kierkegaard’s gradual development of the Self. It is of import to observe that the development of the Self is gradual as it goes through certain phases where the quality of one’s being is improved via an act of pick. This is to state that the person and his construct of the Self ascend from one phase to another. Such Ascension indicates that the person is in the procedure of realization. For Kierkegaard ( 1992 ) . the aesthetic phase is a phase where one’s sense of the Self is governed by the animal. urges and emotions. This phase presents the person with an semblance of freedom. In kernel though. the aesthetic phase. although apparently attractive. is in world. destructive. He claims. â€Å"We said that every aesthetic life-view was desperation ; this was because it was built upon what may or may non be† ( Kierkegaard. 1992. p. 525 ) . These are the grounds as to why the aesthetic phase can non take to a progressive realization of the person. Apparently. it is besides the attraction and the emptiness of the sort of life in the aesthetic phase which leads the person to exceed animal being and ascend to the ethical phase. From reading Kierkegaard. it seems to me that the significant distinction between the aesthetic and the ethical person/stage remainders on the is-ought differentiation. Kierkegaard claims. â€Å"The aesthetic factor in a individual is that by which he is instantly what he is ; the ethical factor is that by which he becomes what he becomes† ( 1992. p. 492 ) . The ethical individual is. hence. a individual who subscribes to the demands of ground ; and the ethical life is a life devoted to the chase of moral goodness. It is. nevertheless. of import to observe that Kierkegaard’s phrase â€Å"by which he becomes what he becomes† implies both committedness and pick on the portion of the person. The difference between Descartes and Kierkegaard is. at this point. really obvious. Descartes focal points on the expansive jobs of cosmopolitan import. such as being in its cosmopolitan sense. Kierkegaard ( 1992 ) . on the other manus. focal points on the concrete person and his concrete being. In the terminal. it can be said that the construct of the Self is a merchandise of the concrete picks of the person as they present themselves in the class of the individual’s being. The realization of one’s Self requires something more than pick. that is. action. Aside from action. something more is required. that is. perpetrating oneself to the pick that he makes and his actions as a merchandise of one’s rational deliberation. Reference Kierkegaard. S. ( 1992 ) . Either/or: a fragment of life. London: Penguin.

The Dark Ages Essays

The Dark Ages Essays The Dark Ages Essay The Dark Ages Essay Introduction During the reign of the Roman Empire, Europe had advanced in terms of technology and literal work as well as education. During this time, civilization had boomed with many cities being built that facilitated structured formal civilization. During this time agriculture, economy and trade had boomed. It is also a time when literal work was at its peak during those ages. However, towards the fifth century, the roman army was loosing grip of the empire due to economic, political, social and military hardships. The army was becoming increasingly unable to defend the territory during the barbarian invasions and lost. Upon loosing, what was left of the Roman Empire was destruction and stagnation in economy as well as hardship since the civilization had been lost. After the fall, many regions of the territory including Europe were left in social, economic and literal crisis. Several centuries after the fall of the empire literal work was limited and development went down. This has come to be known as the Dark Ages of Europe where there is little known to historians about what was happening at the time. It took a few centuries and great efforts from different parts of Europe including Irish people in coming out of the dark ages through their efforts in preserving of the literal work done before the fall of the Roman Empire. Meaning of Dark Ages The Dark Age represents the first centuries after the fall of Roman Empire and before the middle ages that left Europe quite susceptible to violent warlords, natural calamities such as famine, disease and economic downturn. The term was used as a metaphor to show the contrast between the prior ages and after the dark ages when there was development in both economics and literal work that resulted from education at the time (Mommsen, 1942). The dark ages denotes a time when literal work was limited and hardly any literal production was realized at the time. It characterizes a period during which historical records and other written materials were scarce. Further, it was a period when very few people knew how to write and read. The darkness described was an intellectual one where very little intellectual work took place compared to the period before and after (Mommsen, 1942). Why the Dark Ages were Dark What made the dark ages dark was the effect of lack of intellectual capacity and the waves of war and invasions that followed as well as the theological teachings that advocated that only what was in the bible was true. During the Roman Empire, much of the territories within Europe were unified and well protected by the roman army. This had contributed to an economic, political as well as social development across the whole of Europe. After the fall, maintaining the unification was hard without the protection of the Roman Empire leaving the territories open for grabbing by the warlords that were seeking power. Waves of war accompanied by cultural, economic, political and literal work declined almost to a standstill (Snodgrass, 2000). During the invasions, the barbarians left nothing standing including buildings, arts and even schools. Thus, knowledge was only left to a few people within the monasteries. Without knowledge and literal work for reference, Europe was left in a mess where productivity in all aspects went down. The main reason it was named Dark Age was lack of learning and production of arts or literal work. People were in no position to learn and produce such works due to the hard times of the Dark Age especially warfare from the warlords that roamed through out Europe. This lasted for several centuries before the middle ages when the Europeans started the work of thinking and advancing again. However, this was influenced by the eastern territories that had not been conquered by the barbarians such as China and India where great civilizations thrived during the 1000s.During the invasions by warlords, food would be stolen, people killed, and cities destroyed. This would live the people homeless and wit hout food. What made it quite dark was the lack of intellectual material and lack of scholars to advance the available knowledge. Lack of knowledge made it impossible to advance economically and the people within this age lived a devastating life. It is a time when a third of Europe’s population was lost to plagues that ravaged the territory. At this time, the only formal education was found in church, which acted as the unifying power. The Christian teachings taught that whatever was not in the bible was not true and people should not have to do what is outside of the biblical teachings. Thus, if biblical teachings did not support scientific discoveries, people were not supposed to study science. Thus, the people living in this age only clung to the hope that a better life awaits them in heaven. The hardships during this time made the dark ages dark. Coming out of the dark ages The dark ages had left Europe in crisis and people had lost al hope. Although civilization had stopped in Europe, other territories continued with scientific discoveries. Some of the territories that continued with civilization were Israel, India, China and other territories in the east. During the Dark Age when the Catholic Church was considered the ruler of Europe, the pope ordered crusades. The crusades were religious wars that aimed at restoring access of Christians to Jerusalem. During the Dark Age after some of the invasions, Christians were stopped from accessing Jerusalem. This did not go down well with the Catholic Church tat considered Jerusalem a sacred city that represented the three Abrahamic religions, Christianity, Judaism and Islamic. Thus, the crusades were started in an effort to regain access (Snodgrass, 2000). During the crusades, the warriors who went there interacted with the people they met in the eastern territories and realized there was better civilization than back at Europe. Soon, the crusaders would return home with new technology and skills. As the crusades went on, more was realized and the Europeans interacted with newer architecture, arts and other literal works. It is here that Europe prepared inadvertently to come out of the Dark Age by interacting with other civilizations in the east such as Israel (Snodgrass, 2000). Impact of Ireland in Emerging From Dark Ages During the dark ages, the literal work was lost to many parts of Europe. However, there was a time when efforts to revive the literature was done in the Carolingian period. The Carolingian period represents the period in which efforts were made to revive intellectual and cultural literature and classical texts (Herren, 1981). The Irish during this period had developed a taste for the Latin classical work. There was classical Latin learning in Ireland during the dark ages in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Irish served to protect most of the classical literature through incorporating the principles and ideas in the publications between the ninth and subsequent centuries. During this time, some English scholars went to study in Ireland. â€Å"What, pray, I beseech you eagerly, is the benefit to the sanctity of the orthodox faith to expend energy by reading and studying the foul pollution of base Proserpina, which I shrink from mentioning in plain speech †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Herren, 1981). Further continuation implies that Aldhelm’s disciple went to Ireland to study since he was preparing to go to Ireland. In coming out of the dark ages, Ireland had a significant impact through preserving of the classical literature. The Chivalric Code During the dark ages, many warriors emerged paying loyalty to a leader who would be from their tribe. Their quest was adventure and conquering. Many of the warlords sought their services in the invasions. They were highly trained with their training going for many years. Working for the small warlords the knights were brutal and went around taking anything they want when the Dark Age progressed (Moelker and Kummel 2007). However, powerful people began to reunite the European knights, where a code of conduct was set out to prevent them from engaging in brutal activity. The code set out came to be known as the chivalric code describing how a knight was supposed to treat others within the society especially the weak such as women. It required knights to be gentle and courteous towards women and during their conquest. In modern times, this can be considered a code of ethics that seeks to regulate how the powerful within the society should treat the weak (Moelker and Kummel 2007). However, in military field it would mean stopping women from becoming soldiers since it considers women as weak. Conclusion Warfare and invasions by warlords in Europe was heightened after the roman empire fell. The Roman Empire had established formal structures and governments, laws and formal education that played a crucial role in the economic and social development. When it fell, all this was lost including the literature at the time. The great civilizations were lost in the destruction by ranging wars. It took an effort of several territories and the church as well to get Europe out of the Dark Age. Annotations Herren M. (1981). Classical and Secular Learning among the Irish before the Carolingian Renaissance. Florilegium, 3: 118-157. The article seeks to present evidence about learning in Ireland during the dark ages that many scholars have not accounted for. The Carolingian period represents the period in which efforts were made to revive intellectual and cultural literature and classical texts. The Irish during this period had developed a taste for the Latin classical work. There was classical Latin learning in Ireland during the dark ages in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Irish served to protect most of the classical literature through incorporating the principles and ideas in the publications between the ninth and subsequent centuries. The article further cites that some Englishmen studied at the generosity of the Irish in their land at their expense as well. Thus, Ireland played a crucial role in coming out of the Dark Age through studying and reserving the classical literature. The article illustrated proof that the Irish people exploited the opportunity to study Latin classical literature during the Dark Ages. It portrayed the role that Irish played in coming out of the Dark Ages as that of academic scholars interested in continuing to study classical literature, preserving it and educating the English students simultaneously. Herren discussed various instances of individual accounts of people during the Dark Ages such as Aldhelm. â€Å"What, pray, I beseech you eagerly, is the benefit to the sanctity of the orthodox faith to expend energy by reading and studying the foul pollution of base Proserpina, which I shrink from mentioning in plain speech †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Herren, 1981). Further continuation implies that Aldhelm’s disciple went to Ireland to study since he was preparing to go to Ireland. The article provides a good account of the impact Ireland had on the world in emerging from the Dark Age. Moelker, R. Kummel, G. (2007). Chivalry and Codes of Conduct: Can the Virtue of Chivalry Epitomize Guidelines for Interpersonal Conduct? Journal of Military Ethics, 6 (4): 292-302. This article was published in the journal of military ethics asking a question about the relation or relevance of chivalry codes of conduct and their relation to interpersonal conduct. The article cites that there exists doubt about chivalry being a virtue or just a code of conduct for the military, considering it is not a theological or cardinal virtue. However, some philosophy, tradition and history have been found to regard chivalry as a virtue, describing the agreed conduct of a knight in the middle ages. It contains codes of courteous behaviors that are formal or informal, making interpersonal behavior civilized. It seeks to regulate the behavior between the two genders within the social interaction. The article seeks to find out whether the chivalric code of conduct provides a guideline for leading a virtuous life. the chivalric code represented the expected behavior or conduct of a knight in his quest for adventure, conquering, serving in the army and relating to others within the society such as women with care and love. The article refers back to the historical contexts meaning of chivalry, which meant a definition between roles of men to women. â€Å"Despite this, archaic, symbolic, or anachronistic forms of chivalry may have survived, in which the male was perceived as strong, and protector while the female was perceived as weak, passive, in need of protection, and courteously treated† (Moelker and Kummel 2007). As the chivalric code described how the knights should treat women or those, considered weak in the society, so does the modern world need to treat others with courtesy. The contemporary world should be able to adopt some of the features of the chivalric code that prescribed how men should treat women and weaker people in the society. The article implied that considering chivalric behavior as a virtue would exclude women from serving in the military, as they were considered weak and in need of protection. I agree with the authors that chivalry is a benevolent sexism that excludes wo men. However, it applies in other contexts within the modern society such as protecting the weaker people including women from violence. This article is quite useful in defining the chivalric code and answering the question of its relevance to modern ethics. Mommsen T.E. (1942). Petrarch’s Conception of the ‘Dark Ages. Speculum, 17 (2): 226 – 242. The article presents a conception of the Dark Ages as portrayed by Petrarch, an Italian poet and scholar, as well as one of the earliest humanists in the 14th century. The article cites that the Dark Ages, in its most popular meaning, is used to denote the period in which there was an intellectual depression in the European history that corresponds with the Middle Ages. The Dark Ages and Middle ages have been used to describe the same period but from different perspectives. However, the two names have come to be distinguished as representing two different ages. â€Å"But they have come to be distinguished, and the dark ages are now no more than the first part of the middle age while the mediaeval is often restricted to the later centuries, about 1100 to 1500,† (Mommsen, 1942). The Dark Age now represents the age between the fall of the Roman Empire and revival of the literature. The article clarifies the meaning of the dark ages in details, stating what period can be considered as the Dark Age since it is supposed to represent an era when intellectual work or literature was limited. It clears the controversy contained in considering the Dark Age as the same period as the Middle Ages. Its credibility is entailed in the use of Petrarch’s conception of the Dark Age, and middle age considering he wrote during the middle ages. The fact that the article borrows from Petrarch’s idea who wrote during the middle ages implies that the Dark Age, which represents an age of intellectual depression, could not be the same as the Middle ages since he produced literal work. This makes the definition of the Dark Ages as being an era of intellectual depression agreeable. Snodgrass, A.M. (2000). The Dark Age of Greece: An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to the Eighth Centuries BC. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, The book is written after new archeological evidence has been found supporting the idea of a dark age. Snodgrass presents the evidence that provides an insight into what the Dark Age represented by showing some of the reasons it was considered so. He starts by defining the Dark Age in the first chapter, The Concept of a Dark Age. â€Å"There if a far-off island of knowledge, or perhaps knowledge; then darkness; then the beginning of continuous history,† (Snodgrass, 2000). By this, he defines the meaning of Dark Age, which is a period in which history was not well recorded due to lack of literal materials. It is between two eras, the first one being an age where information or knowledge is available to an age when information is not available followed by a continuous history well recorded. He further provides evidence of why it was considered dark. At the time, there was scholarly scarcity, and people who lived in this age were poor, isolated and aware of the lost skills. The b ook shows a period of discontinuity in development, intellectual knowledge and other issues present before and after the Dark Age. Information regarding this age was scarce, consequently limiting our knowledge about it. This is what qualifies it as a dark age. Through providing strong evidence of the dark age in terms of scholarly and life during this period, the author manages to provide a detailed lens through which to look at Europe’s experience during this age by focusing on Greece. It depicts the experiences of the Dark Age to the people who lived in it, thus providing a good account of the Dark Age. Considering the author makes use of evidence from archeological data collected recently, it provides students with a source of information about how the Dark Age might have affected those who lived in it and reasons it is considered dark. It helps in answering the question on what made the Dark Age dark. References Herren M. (1981). Classical and Secular Learning among the Irish before the Carolingian Renaissance. Florilegium, 3: 118-157. Moelker, R. Kummel, G. (2007). Chivalry and Codes of Conduct: Can the Virtue of Chivalry Epitomize Guidelines for Interpersonal Conduct? Journal of Military Ethics, 6 (4): 292-302. Mommsen T.E. (1942). Petrarch’s Conception of the ‘Dark Ages. Speculum, 17 (2): 226 – 242. Snodgrass, A.M. (2000). The Dark Age of Greece: An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to the Eighth Centuries BC. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press,

Research paper about the play A streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Essay

Research paper about the play A streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams - Essay Example She is a weak character, with no clear opinion of her own. She is forever vacillating between taking sides with her husband and her sister - whoever happens to be more convincing at the moment. She takes the easy way out in a situation that she alone has the power to put a stop to. And because of her lack of decision things get completely out of hand and reach the point of no return. She eventually betrays her sister, lets her husband get away with rape, and in the process ends up living a lie. Let's take the main players: Stanley Kowalski and Blanche Dubois are both strong characters, but they are the antitheses of each other. Blanche finds it difficult to face reality. She prefers to hide behind illusions and pretenses. As she tells Mitch (Scene 9) "I don't want realism. I want magic!" Whereas Stanley is as real as the piece of raw meat he handles at the beginning of the play. Blanche relies on the "kindness of strangers" (Scene 11), while Stanley is clearly a self-made man with his destiny firmly within his control - or at least till Blanche turns up to disturb the balance. He is honest to the point of brutality, unlike Blanche for whom 'life is too full of evasions and ambiguities', so she not only deceives others, but herself too. Blanche describes Stanley as a "survivor of the Stone Age". While this is too extreme, Stanley is clearly a male chauvinist and has a rather primitive streak when it comes to women. He treats Stella quite roughly and demonstrates his power over women with his demands and aggressiveness, whereas Blanche swoons and uses weaknesses to get her own way. However they behave, throughout the play, it will be noticed that Stanley and Blanche are true to their selves, but the same cannot be said of Stella. Stella comes from the same genteel background as Blanche, but she has chosen a more earthy and coarse lifestyle. Unlike Blanche who despite her checkered lifestyle is more of a romantic, Stella follows her basic animal instincts more than any intellectual or romantic call. Before Blanche comes on the scene, she is happy enough with her husband. To his credit, Stanley welcomes Blanche with an open mind. He puts up with her fancy ideas about the dcor, the way she hogs the tub with her predilection for hot water baths, drinks up all his liquor (without contributing in the least towards the house) and flirts with his poker pals. It is only when she starts putting him down, and turning his wife against him that he feels threatened and strikes out - in an instinctive animalistic way, and then he goes straight for the jugular. Stella should have been more sensitive to the needs of her husband, who clearly loves and cares for her. She has made a commitment to love, honor and obey him, therefore he should have been her priority, but she not only invites Blanche to stay, she encourages Blanche's disparaging comments about her husband. Stella should also have realized that any houseguest is bound to upset the natural rhythm of a household. But with a dangerously disturbed and destructive guest like Blanche there's no way there can be any peace in the house. Especially when her husband and sister practically strike sparks off each other every time they interact. Stella should have made her choice a long time back, and ended

History of the Cherokee Indians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the Cherokee Indians - Essay Example Unlike other Native American tribes, Cherokees built cabins out of woods rather than living in teepees. Their language derives from the language of another Native American ethnic group, namely, the Iroquois. This language was so strikingly different from the languages of other Native American tribes that it made some linguists assume the very name of Cherokee means "people who speak another language". Cherokees have always been a highly spiritual tribe with unique traditions and values. An owl and cougar could be called a cultural archetype of the Cherokee Indians. Cherokees treat these animals with particular respect as they believe an owl and cougar were the only creatures that had been staying awake for seven days during which the world was created and, hence, saw how humans were made. Today Cherokee Indians are divided into many subtribes but under the official federal classification they fall into the following acknowledged categories: the Cherokee Nation, the Keetoowah Band (reside in Oklahoma), the Cherokee tribes and the Eastern Band of Cherokees residing in North Carolina (Hodge).Before the USA appeared on map, the Cherokee Indians used to live on the territory of the present-day Georgia, parts of Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina and South Carolina (Stewart 9). Originally, Cherokee tribes lived in the Midwest of the lands that later formed the USA near the Great Lakes, but with the passage of time they drifted closer to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, which, in turn, they were forced to leave either.